Pediatric lid swelling in children can stem from various causes, ranging from minor irritations like rubbing or insect bites to more serious conditions like infections or allergic reactions. Common culprits include styes, blepharitis ,conjunctivitis or trauma . Other rare but dangerous etiologies include preseptal/ orbital cellulitis , various malignant conditions like chloroma , rhabdomyosarcoma. A detailed history and clinical evaluation is very important in making a correct diagnosis . An imaging should be done necessary cases. It is crucial to consider a wide range of potential causes, including benign and malignant conditions, to ensure appropriate management and delay in diagnosis in some of these conditions can lead to blindness and life-threatening complications . In this instruction course various etiologies and approach to diagnosis is discussed in detail.